Assembly Language From Noob To Pro


Assembly Language
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1 ) Assembly language is a low-level programming language specific to a particular computer architecture.
2 ) Each family of processors has its own set of instructions for handling various operations such as getting input from keyboard, displaying information on screen and performing various other jobs. These set of instructions are called 'machine language instructions'.
3 ) Machine language is too obscure and complex for using in software development. So, the low-level assembly language is designed for a specific family of processors that represents various instructions in symbolic code and a more understandable form.
4 ) The process through which the processor controls the execution of instructions is referred as the fetch-decode-execute cycle or the execution cycle. It consists of three continuous steps −
  • Fetching the instruction from memory
  • Decoding or identifying the instruction
  • Executing the instruction
5 ) An assembly program can be divided into three sections −
·      The data section
·      The bss section
·      The text section
Text Segment(Section) - The text section is used for keeping the actual code (binary code) . This section must begin with the declaration global _start, which tells the kernel where the program execution begins.
Data Segment(Section) - The data section is used for declaring initialized data or constants. This data does not change at runtime. You can declare various constant values, file names, or buffer size, etc., in this section.
BSS Segment(Section) - The bss section is used for declaring variables. 

 6 ) The syntax for declaring data section is −
section.data
The syntax for declaring bss section is −
section.bss
The syntax for declaring text section is −
section.text
   global _start
_start:

7 ) Assembly language comment begins with a semicolon (;). It can appear on a line by itself, like −
; This program displays a message on screen

8 ) Assembly language programs consist of three types of statements −
  • Executable instructions or instructions,
  • Assembler directives or pseudo-ops, and
  • Macros.
9 )





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